Last year, an independent arbitration panel found against aspects of the league’s Associated Party Transaction regulations (APTs) after a lawsuit instigated by Manchester City.

The rules were formed by the Premier League to prevent clubs from profiting from commercial deals with companies linked to their owners that are deemed above “fair market value”.

In November, the Premier League voted through amendments to the rules despite opposition from Newcastle, Nottingham Forest and Aston Villa, as well as City.

Friday’s ruling is not in judgement of the November amendments which still stand but are the subject of a legal challenge.

The conclusion of the tribunal reads: “In the first partial final award it was declared that the APT rules and amended APT rules were unlawful in three respects.

“There now arises for decision the question whether those three respects can be severed from the remaining APT rules so that those remaining APT rules are valid and enforceable.

“The three respects in which the APT rules and amended APT rules were unlawful cannot be severed with the result that the APT rules as a whole are void and unenforceable.”

This decision is a huge blow to the Premier League and effectively it means their APT rules up to November 2024 were unenforceable.

Any club who had a case heard under their rules is now in a position where they could launch a damages claim.

One source has suggested this could make the Premier League – and effectively therefore its clubs – liable for tens of millions of pounds.

This will also put a focus on chief executive Richard Masters, who confirmed the changes in November despite being cautioned against implementing them by City and Aston Villa amongst others.