Citations

Pew Research Center. About a quarter of U.S. teens have used ChatGPT for schoolwork – double the share in 2023. Published online January 15, 2025.

E. Goh, R. Gallo and J. Hom. Large language model influence on diagnostic reasoning: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open. Published online October 28, 2024. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.40969.

P. Hager et al. Evaluation and mitigation of the limitations of large language models in clinical decision-making. Nature Medicine. Vol. 30, September 2024, p. 2613. doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-03097-1.

U. Katz et al. GPT versus resident physicians — a benchmark based on official board scores. New England Journal of Medicine AI. Vol. 1, May 2024. doi: 10.1056/AIdbp2300192.

E. Martínez. Re-evaluating GPT-4’s bar exam performance. Artificial Intelligence and Law. Published online March 30, 2024. doi: 10.1007/s10506-024-09396-9.

D. Stribling et al. The model student: GPT-4 performance on graduate biomedical science exams. Scientific Reports. Published online March 7, 2024. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55568-7.

M.R. Morris et al. Levels of AGI for operationalizing progress on the path to AGI. arXiv:2311.02462. Submitted November 4, 2023.

O. Demirci, J. Hannane and X. Zhu. Who Is AI replacing? The impact of generative AI on online freelancing platforms. SSRN.com. Posted November 3, 2023. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4602944.

H. Ibrahim et al. Perception, performance, and detectability of conversational artificial intelligence across 32 university courses. Science Advances. Published online August 24, 2023. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38964-3.

Lauren Leffer is a science, technology and environmental reporter. She writes on many subjects including artificial intelligence, climate and weird biology because she’s curious to a fault. When she’s not typing, she’s hopefully hiking.